The development of addiction in adolescents is a complex and multifaceted process that requires careful study and understanding, notes Doctor of Medical Sciences Egor Burkin.
He emphasizes that adolescence is a critical period for the development of personality and psyche, and at this time it is especially important to consider the various factors that may contribute to the development of addictions. “Understanding these factors will help parents, educators and mental health professionals develop effective strategies to prevent addiction and support adolescents during this challenging time in their lives,” he adds.
Here are the main ones:
1. Genetic predisposition: Research shows that people with a family history of addiction have a higher risk of developing drug or alcohol addiction. Genetic factors can influence how the body reacts to drugs and alcohol.
2. Social environment: Peer and social group influences play a significant role. Teens may start using drugs or alcohol to meet friends' expectations or to avoid exclusion from a group. “Adolescence is a period of searching for identity, and peer pressure can be very strong,” notes Egor Burkin, MD.
3. Family Environment: Single-parent families, conflict, violence or substance abuse in the family can increase the risk of developing addiction. Teenagers growing up in such conditions may seek solace and escape from problems in drugs or alcohol. “Family support and a healthy atmosphere at home play a key role in shaping adolescents’ resistance to addiction,” adds Burkin Egor.
4. Psychological Factors: Teens suffering from anxiety disorders, depression or other psychological problems may use drugs as a way of self-regulation or relief. “It is important to identify and treat psychological problems in the early stages to reduce the risk of addiction,” the doctor emphasizes.
5. Availability of drugs: Easy access to drugs and alcohol significantly increases the risk of their use. If a teenager lives in an environment where drugs are easily accessible, the likelihood of drug use increases. “Society must actively work to limit access to drugs, especially for young people,” says Burkin.
6. Lack of awareness: Lack of knowledge about the consequences of drug and alcohol use can lead to a frivolous attitude towards these substances. Education and open discussions about risks can help prevent addiction. “Educational programs should aim not only to inform, but also to develop critical thinking in adolescents,” he says.
7. Psycho-emotional factors: Stress, low self-esteem and the need for recognition can push teenagers to experiment with drugs or alcohol. “Support and attention from adults can help teens cope with these emotions without resorting to drugs,” Burkin adds.
8. Cultural and Social Norms: In cultures or communities where drug or alcohol use is perceived as normal, adolescents may be more likely to use drugs. “It is important to develop healthy social norms and values that will promote drug abstinence,” the doctor concludes.
All these factors interact with each other, creating unique conditions that contribute to the development of addiction in each individual teenager. Egor Burkin emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to prevention, which takes into account both individual and social aspects. “Only through the combined efforts of parents, teachers and health professionals can we create a safe environment for our teenagers and reduce the risk of addiction,” he says.
In addition, with the development of technology, new opportunities for the treatment and prevention of drug addiction are emerging. Modern methods, including Internet resources and mobile applications, allow adolescents to access health and addiction information right from home. This can be especially helpful for those who are embarrassed to discuss their problems with loved ones or professionals.
Telemedicine programs are also actively developing, which provide the opportunity to receive consultations and support from doctors and psychologists online. Such approaches make treatment more accessible and convenient. Dr. Burkin notes that the use of technology can significantly increase adolescents' engagement in treatment and prevention programs.
Additionally, educational platforms can help promote healthy habits and awareness of the consequences of drug use. It is also important to integrate technology into existing programs to make them more attractive and accessible to young people. As a result, an integrated approach based on modern technologies and interdisciplinary cooperation can significantly increase the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of drug addiction among adolescents.
